Engineers used the term "bug" for technical glitches before the 1947 moth made it literal.

Bluetooth is named after a 10th-century Danish king, Harald "Bluetooth" Gormsson.

Stereolithography (3D printing) was developed in the 1980s for rapid prototyping.

The first website went live at CERN in 1991, explaining the World Wide Web.

Wi‑Fi is based on the IEEE 802.11 family of wireless networking standards.

The :-) emoticon was proposed by Scott Fahlman in 1982 to mark jokes online.

Linus Torvalds released the Linux kernel in 1991, sparking a major open-source ecosystem.

The first SMS text message, "Merry Christmas," was sent in 1992.

Ray Tomlinson sent the first networked email in 1971, before the modern internet.

Hitachi released the first 1-terabyte hard drive in 2007.

CMOS image sensors enabled compact, low-power digital cameras in smartphones.

Sony launched the first commercial CD player, the CDP-101, in 1982.

The Apollo Guidance Computer used hand-woven core rope memory for programs.

QR codes were invented by Denso Wave in Japan in 1994 for tracking parts.

CAPTCHA stands for "Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart."

In email addresses, the "@" symbol separates the user name from the host domain.

Brendan Eich created JavaScript in just 10 days in 1995.

IBM Simon (1994) is widely considered the first smartphone, combining phone and PDA features.

USB stands for Universal Serial Bus and became common in the late 1990s.

GPS is operated by the U.S. government but provides free global civilian positioning signals.

The word "robot" comes from the Czech "robota," meaning forced labor, from a 1920 play.

Douglas Engelbart's 1960s computer mouse prototype was made of wood.

The QWERTY keyboard layout reduced jams on early mechanical typewriters.

Moore's Law observes that transistor counts on integrated circuits roughly double every two years.

Cloud computing delivers on-demand computing resources over the internet without direct hardware management.

The Milky Way galaxy contains an estimated hundreds of billions of stars.

Astronomers have confirmed over 5,000 exoplanets orbiting other stars.

One year on Mercury lasts just 88 Earth days.

Jupiter has at least 95 known moons as of recent counts.

Sunlight takes about 8 minutes and 20 seconds to reach Earth.

A lunar day (sunrise to sunrise) lasts about 29.5 Earth days.

The International Space Station orbits Earth roughly every 90 minutes.

A day on Venus is longer than its year because it rotates very slowly.

Uranus rotates on its side at a tilt of about 98 degrees.

Comets typically have two tails: a dust tail and an ion tail that points away from the Sun.

Because space is a vacuum, sound doesn't travel between objects.

Jupiter's Great Red Spot is a massive storm observed for over 300 years.

The Moon's far side receives sunlight; it's "far," not permanently "dark."

The Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies are on a collision course in about 4 billion years.

Saturn's average density is less than water, so it would float in a huge enough ocean.

Olympus Mons on Mars is the largest volcano in the solar system.

The Sun contains about 99.8% of the solar system's mass.

The Kuiper Belt beyond Neptune is home to many icy bodies and dwarf planets.

The Hubble Space Telescope has made over a million observations since 1990.

On Mars, sunsets can appear blue due to fine dust scattering sunlight.

Astronauts can become slightly taller in microgravity; height returns on Earth.

Modern spacesuits function like personal spacecraft, providing pressure, oxygen, and temperature control.

A teaspoon of neutron star material would weigh billions of tons on Earth.

Pluto's heart-shaped region is called Tombaugh Regio, named for its discoverer.

Astronauts describe a metallic or seared smell on spacesuits after spacewalks.